Quick Details:
| Product Name | AICAR |
| Synonym | ACADESINE;AICAR;AICA-RIBOSIDE;AMPK;5-AMINOIMIDAZOLE-4-CARBOXAMIDE-1-BETA-RIBOSIDE;5-AMINOIMIDAZOLE-4-CARBOXAMIDE-1-B-D-RIBOFURANOSIDE;5-AMINOIMIDAZOLE-4-CARBOXAMIDE 1-BETA-D-RIBOFURANOSIDE;Z-RIBOSIDE |
| CAS | 2627-69-2 |
| EINECS | 220-097-5 |
| Assay | 99% |
| Packing | 1kg net/foil bag, 5kg/drum. |
| Standard | Enterprise Standard |
| Storage | Shading , Confined Preservation |
| Usage | Pharmaceutical intermediates. For the treatment of cardiovascular diseases |
| Molecular Fomular | C9H14N4O5 |
| Molecular Weight | 258.23 |
| Melting point | 214-215 °C |
| Molecular Structure | ![]() |
COA:
| Item | Specification | Result |
| Appearance | White powder | Complies |
| Related substance (HPLC) | Total impurity ≤0.5% Max single impurity ≤0.1% | 0.2% 0.06% |
| Odor | Characteristic | Complies |
| Assay | 99% | 99.8% |
| Sieve analysis | 100% pass 80 mesh | Complies |
| Loss on Drying Residue on Ignition | ≤1.0% ≤1.0% | 0.12% 0.09% |
| Heavy Metal | <10ppm | Complies |
| As | <0.1ppm | 0.05ppm |
| Pb | <0.1ppm | 0.05ppm |
| Cd | <0.1ppm | 0.05ppm |
| Residual Solvents | <100ppm | Complies |
| Residual Pesticide | Negative | Complies |
| Microbiology | ||
| Total Plate Count | <1000cfu/g | Complies |
| Yeast & Mold | <100cfu/g | Complies |
| E.Coli | Negative | Complies |
| Salmonella | Negative | Complies |
What is the function of AICAR transformylase?
AICAR transformylase, also known as AICARFT (AICAR transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase), is an enzyme involved in the purine biosynthesis pathway. It plays a crucial role in converting 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) to Inosine monophosphate (IMP), an essential precursor for the synthesis of purine nucleotides.
AICAR transformylase catalyzes the addition of a formyl group to AICAR, resulting in the formation of N-formyl-AICAR (NFAICAR). This step is important for the subsequent reactions in the pathway.
After the transformylation step, AICAR transformylase also possesses cyclohydrolase activity. It converts NFAICAR into IMP by removing the formyl group and rearranging the molecule.
The production of IMP is a critical step in the purine biosynthesis pathway, as it serves as a precursor for the synthesis of adenine and guanine nucleotides, which are essential components of DNA, RNA, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Deficiencies or dysfunctions in AICAR transformylase can lead to metabolic disorders, specifically in the purine metabolism pathway, resulting in diseases such as AICAR transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase deficiency (ATIC deficiency). These conditions are characterized by abnormalities in the levels of purine nucleotides, leading to neurological symptoms and developmental delays.
What is the mechanism of action of AICAR?
The mechanism of action of AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) primarily involves activation of the enzyme AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).
AICAR is taken up by cells and converted into its active form, ZMP (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide monophosphate). ZMP mimics the effects of AMP (adenosine monophosphate), a cellular energy sensor, and allosterically activates AMPK.
Once activated, AMPK phosphorylates various downstream targets, leading to a wide range of metabolic effects. It acts as a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis and helps maintain energy balance.
AMPK activation by AICAR has several effects on energy metabolism, including:
Enhanced glucose uptake: AMPK activation promotes the translocation of glucose transporters (such as GLUT4) to the cell surface, increasing glucose uptake by cells, particularly in skeletal muscles. This helps to increase cellular energy production.
Increased fatty acid oxidation: AICAR-activated AMPK stimulates fatty acid oxidation, allowing cells to utilize stored fats as an energy source.
Suppression of energy-consuming processes: AMPK activation inhibits energy-consuming processes such as protein synthesis, fatty acid synthesis, and cholesterol synthesis. This helps to conserve energy during times of cellular stress or energy deficit.
Mitochondrial biogenesis: AICAR-induced AMPK activation promotes the production and functioning of mitochondria, the cellular powerhouses responsible for energy production.
The activation of AMPK by AICAR leads to physiological changes similar to those seen during exercise, such as increased glucose uptake, enhanced fatty acid oxidation, and improved endurance capacity in skeletal muscles.
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